Philippines country information

Common names: Banugan, Ogaog, Paging bungi
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Collected from Bolinao and Puerto Princesa markets (Ref. 47737). Also Ref. 280. In range Ref. 3965.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens and M.N.R. Alava, 2005
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Rough cownose ray, Javanese cownose ray, Flapray, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water rifbewoner. Tropical; 30°N - 15°S, 55°E - 135°E (Ref. 114953)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Oman to the Philippines; north to Ryukyu Is.; south to eastern Indonesia.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 165 cm WD mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 114953); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 4.5 kg (Ref. 3965)

Korte beschrijving Morfologie | Morfometrie

Double-lobed snout and indented forehead; jaws usually with 7 rows of plate-like teeth; no caudal fin (Ref. 5578). Brown above, white below (Ref. 5578).

Found in bays, estuaries, and near coral reefs (Ref. 12951), over sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 9710). Usually solitary or in small aggregations (Ref. 114953). However, large schools with up to 500 individuals have been reported (Ref. 12951). Feeds on clams, oysters and crustaceans (Ref. 12951). Lives to over 2 years in captivity (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Edible (Ref. 30573). Caught mainly by gill net fisheries (Ref. 114953), occasionally by bottom trawl, demersal inshore gillnet and tangle net fisheries. Utilized for its meat (Ref. 58048).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Males court by nipping the female's dorsum. Mating pair orient in a venter to venter position, and the male inserts one or both claspers. The pair usually rests on the substrate, with the female on top of the male. Mating lasts about 30 seconds (Ref. 12951) to 1 minute (Ref. 49562). Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Size at birth ~60 cm WD. One large pregnant female (~130 cm WD) contained a single late-term embryo 61 cm WD (Ref.58048).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Bedreigd (EN) (A2cd); Date assessed: 27 May 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless (Ref. 12484)

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.2 - 29.2, mean 28.4 (based on 3123 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00647 - 0.01946), b=2.94 (2.78 - 3.10), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.24 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Fec=1-2).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Rhinoptera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841