| ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Sudekum, A.E., J.D. Parrish, R.L. Radtke and S. Ralston, 1991 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | A coastal and oceanic species, associated with reefs (Ref. 9283). Occurs inshore (Ref. 7300). Juvenile occurs seasonally in shallow sandy inshore waters (Ref. 9710). Found in rivers (Ref. 12792). Feeds mainly on other fishes (Ref. 9283), also crustaceans (Ref. 9710). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
|---|---|
| Associations | schooling; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Occasionally in schools. |
| Parasitism |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Sudekum, A.E., J.D. Parrish, R.L. Radtke and S. Ralston, 1991 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Sudekum, A.E., J.D. Parrish, R.L. Radtke and S. Ralston, 1991 |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 4.49 | 0.79 | 4.40 | 0.75 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 4.28 | 0.83 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Sudekum, A.E., J.D. Parrish, R.L. Radtke and S. Ralston, 1991 | ||||