主要參考文獻 | Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail, 1996 |
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附註 | Inhabits swamps and creeks with little current (Ref. 12225), as well as in flooded savannas (Ref. 27188). Regularly goes to the surface of the water to breathe. Can survive long periods out of the water. This behavior of breathing air at the surface makes the fish vulnerable to predation by electric eels (Ref. 27188). Is a predaceous omnivore of open waters. Feeds on aquatic invertebrates, lesser degree on fish and terrestrial insects (Ref. 9089). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail, 1997 |
攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Mérona, B. de and J. Rankin-de-Mérona, 2004 |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | |||||
從個別的食物項目 | 3.41 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 |