| Hoofdreferentie | Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986 |
|---|---|
| Opmerkingen | Littoral (10 - 20 m) around rocks, offshore reefs, and seaweed. Young often in intertidal areas. One (or more) female spawns in nest of algae, built by male in a crevice. Feed on crustaceans, molluscs (Ref. 4742) and sea urchins (Ref. 55064). Important predators of sea urchins in Azorean coastal habitats (Ref. 55064). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Ondergrond | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Speciale habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associaties | |
| Geassocieerd met | |
| Opmerkingen in verband met associaties | |
| Parasitisme |
| Voedingstype | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986 |
| Voedingsgewoonte | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986 |
| Estimation method | Origineel staal | Onbeviste populatie | Opmerking | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Op basis van dieetsamenstelling | 3.20 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |||
| Op basis van individuele voedselitems | 3.32 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Deady, S. and J.M. Fives, 1995 | ||||