Main Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
---|---|
Remarks | Found frequently in lakes, ponds, reservoirs and sluggish streams; occurs primarily in reservoirs in Hawaii; preferably lives in deep weed beds. Is active mainly during dusk and dawn. Adults feed upon snails, small crayfish, insects, worms and small minnows. Young feed on crustaceans, insects and worms. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | vegetation |
Special habitats Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Jenkins, R.E. and N.M. Burkhead, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.24 | 0.16 | 3.19 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.53 | 0.55 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Kowalski, R., J. Glogowski, D. Kucharczyk, K. Goryczko, S. Dobosz and A. Ciereszko, 2003 |