Ecology Summary - Mallotus villosus

语言:

主要参考文献	Hart, J.L., 1973
附注	Oceanic species found in schools (Ref. 2850). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on planktonic crustaceans, copepods (especially Calanus (Ref. 5951)), euphausiids, amphipods, marine worms, and small fishes (Ref. 6885, 35388). Fish examined were non-spawning adults (Ref. 6885). It is preyed upon by other fishes, birds and marine mammals; Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod) as their chief predator. Parasites of the species include Eubothrium parvum (cestode), Anisakis sp. And Contracaecum sp. (nematodes) and Glugea sp. (protozoan) (Ref. 5951).

主要参考文献

Hart, J.L., 1973

附注

Oceanic species found in schools (Ref. 2850). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on planktonic crustaceans, copepods (especially Calanus (Ref. 5951)), euphausiids, amphipods, marine worms, and small fishes (Ref. 6885, 35388). Fish examined were non-spawning adults (Ref. 6885). It is preyed upon by other fishes, birds and marine mammals; Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod) as their chief predator. Parasites of the species include Eubothrium parvum (cestode), Anisakis sp. And Contracaecum sp. (nematodes) and Glugea sp. (protozoan) (Ref. 5951).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/泻湖/半咸淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞专门地

Highighted items on the list are where Mallotus villosus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

参考文献
Associations	schooling; shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks	Oceanic species found in schools (Ref. 2850), especially during spawning season (Ref. 86779).
Parasitism

进食

摄取食物的类型	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Hart, J.L., 1973
摄取食物的习惯	selective plankton feeding
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的样本		不捕获族群		附注
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附注
从食物内容	3.15	0.09	3.12	0.27	Troph of juv./adults from 8 studies.
从个别的食物项目	3.19	0.40			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
参考文献	Kuznetsova, N.A., 1997

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