Ecology Summary - Sardinops sagax

Γλώσσα:

Οικολογία του Sardinops sagax

Κύρια Αναφ.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Σχόλια	In South America it is caught down to depths of about 40 m, in summer at 16 to 23 C, in winter at 10 to 18 C. Forms large schools in the Peru current. Likewise in North America, it forms large schools, up to 10 million individuals; it is migratory with a definite northward movement between California and British Columbia waters in summer and return in autumn, winter. Zooplankton and phytoplankton feeder. Food items of larvae and early juveniles consist of copepods and larvaceans (Ref. 32837). Young fish feeds on zooplankton such as copepods and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 42392).

Κύρια Αναφ.

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

Σχόλια

In South America it is caught down to depths of about 40 m, in summer at 16 to 23 C, in winter at 10 to 18 C. Forms large schools in the Peru current. Likewise in North America, it forms large schools, up to 10 million individuals; it is migratory with a definite northward movement between California and British Columbia waters in summer and return in autumn, winter. Zooplankton and phytoplankton feeder. Food items of larvae and early juveniles consist of copepods and larvaceans (Ref. 32837). Young fish feeds on zooplankton such as copepods and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 42392).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Εκβολές/λιμνοθάλασσες/υφάλμυρες θάλασσες mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Σπηλιές αποκλειστικά

Highighted items on the list are where Sardinops sagax may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Αναφ.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Διατροφή

Τροφικός Τύπος	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Τροφική Συνήθεια	selective plankton feeding
Feeding habit Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Αρχικό δείγμα		Μη αλιευμένος πληθυσμός		Σχόλιο
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Σχόλιο
Από σύσταση δίαιτας	2.84	0.13	2.46	0.11	Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
Από ατομικά τροφικά αντικείμενα	2.61	0.29			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Αναφ.	Serra, R and I. Tsukayama, 1988

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