Sparus aurata, Gilthead seabream : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish
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Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758

Gilthead seabream
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Sparus aurata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Sparus aurata
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Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Sparus: Latin, sparus = a fish with a golden head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 1 - 150 m (Ref. 35388), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 54890). Subtropical; 62°N - 15°N, 17°W - 43°E (Ref. 54890)

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Eastern Atlantic: British Isles, Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Verde and around the Canary Islands; also in the Mediterranean (Ref. 3688). Reported from the Black Sea (Ref. 12781). Reports from New Zealand refer to Pagrus auratus (Foster 1801) (Ref. 5755, 9258).

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm 36.5, range 33 - 40 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 35388); common length : 35.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4781); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 17.2 kg (Ref. 40637); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 11 Jaren (Ref. 7253)

Korte beschrijving Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal): 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 13-14; Anale stekels 3; Anale zachte stralen: 11 - 12. Body tall, with large black spot on the gill cover. Snout more than twice as long as the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found in seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, they often occur in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feed on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture. Utilized fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9987).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Males become females at about 3 years of age (Ref. 2715, 28504). Protandric hermaphrodite species, maturing first as male (during the first or second year of age) and after the second or third year of age, as female. Spawning happens generally from October to December, with sequenced spawning during the whole period. Incubation lasts about 2 days at 16-1 7°C. Larval stages last about 50 days at 1 7.5°C or about 43 days at 20°C. Egg size 0.9-1.1 mm, larval length at hatching 2.5-3.0 mm. Simultaneous hermaphroditism is suggested for this species (Ref. 103751).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 August 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquacultuur: commercieel; sportvis: ja
FAO - Aquacultuur: productie, soortsprofiel; visserij: aanvoer, soortsprofiel; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 12.1 - 21, mean 17.8 °C (based on 258 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01084 - 0.01334), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.2 (3.0 - 6.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.28; tmax=11; tm=2-3).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 63.3 [38.3, 117.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.59, 1.80] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.655 [0.431, 1.017] g/100g; Selenium = 2 [1, 6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.74 [2.44, 37.29] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.315 [0.167, 1.197] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.