Morphology Data of Gymnogeophagus constellatus
Identification keys
Abnormalities
Main Ref. Malabarba, L.R., M.C. Malabarba and R.E. Reis, 2015
Appearance refers to
Bones in OsteoBase

Sex attributes

Specialized organs
Different appearance
Different colors
Remarks

Descriptive characteristics of juvenile and adult

Striking features
Body shape lateral
Cross section compressed
Dorsal head profile
Type of eyes
Type of mouth/snout
Position of mouth
Type of scales
Diagnosis

This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: presence of a very large midlateral spot, where each scale forming the spot usually bears one large white dot; in adult males, midlateral spot is almost reaching the dorsal-fin base being about 4-5 scales wide and 4 scales tall (vs. with two or three scale rows distance from the dorsal fin base in other species); the midlateral spot of females and juveniles is also large, but usually not extending above the upper lateral line; upper lateral line with 18-21 scales, usually 18-20 (vs.13-19 in all other species) (Ref. 118066).

Ease of Identification

Meristic characteristics of Gymnogeophagus constellatus

Lateral Lines Interrupted: No
Scales on lateral line
Pored lateral line scales
Scales in lateral series
Scale rows above lateral line
Scale rows below lateral line
Scales around caudal peduncle
Barbels
Gill clefts (sharks/rays only)
Gill rakers
on lower limb 7 - 7
on upper limb 5 - 5
total
Vertebrae
preanal 13 - 13
total 29 - 29

Fins

Dorsal fin(s)

Attributes
Fins number 1
Finlets No. Dorsal   
Ventral  
Spines total 13 - 15
Soft-rays total 8 - 11
Adipose fin

Caudal fin

Attributes

Anal fin(s)

Fins number 1
Spines total 3 - 3
Soft-rays total 8 - 9

Paired fins

Pectoral Attributes  
Spines     
Soft-rays   
Pelvics Attributes  
Position    
Spines     
Soft-rays   
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