Main Ref. | Chao, N.L., A. Carvalho-Filho and J. de Andrade Santos, 2021 |
Appearance refers to | |
Bones in OsteoBase |
Specialized organs | |
Different appearance | |
Different colors | |
Remarks |
Striking features | |
Body shape lateral | |
Cross section | compressed |
Dorsal head profile | |
Type of eyes | |
Type of mouth/snout | |
Position of mouth | |
Type of scales | |
Diagnosis |
This species is distinguished from all its congeners in the Atlantic by the following characters: jetblack mouth roof and inner opercular lining, except S. rastrifer, which also has a dark grayish lining, but never jetblack; differs from S. rastrifer by the slightly oblique, subterminal mouth (vs. oblique in S. rastrifer), total gill-rakers on the first arch usually 36-38 (vs. 44-50), a shorter pelvic fin 4.8-5.3 times in SL (vs. 4.0-4.8 times), and the hind margin of the anterior chamber of the gas bladder has a pair of small knob-like, hammerhead-shaped diverticula (vs. a pair of tubular appendages) (Ref. 125562). |
Ease of Identification |
Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
Scales on lateral line | 54 - 56 |
Pored lateral line scales | |
Scales in lateral series | |
Scale rows above lateral line | |
Scale rows below lateral line | |
Scales around caudal peduncle | |
Barbels | |
Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
Gill rakers | |
on lower limb | 24 - 26 |
on upper limb | 11 - 15 |
total | 35 - 41 |
Vertebrae | |
preanal | |
total |
Attributes | |
Fins number | 2 |
Finlets No. | Dorsal |
Ventral | |
Spines total | 12 - 13 |
Soft-rays total | 22 - 25 |
Adipose fin |
Attributes |
Fins number | 1 |
Spines total | 2 - 2 |
Soft-rays total | 8 - 9 |
Pectoral | Attributes |
Spines 0 | |
Soft-rays 17 - 19 | |
Pelvics | Attributes |
Position | |
Spines | |
Soft-rays |