Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ gần đáy; Mức độ sâu 0 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). Tropical; 21°N - 18°S, 26°W - 20°E
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 5979, 81290, 81683). Also reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783).
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.6 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 128374)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 80 - 87; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 59 - 65. Diagnosis: body oval, its depth 45-50% SL (Ref. 81290, 81683). Head length 27-31% SL; eye diameter 16-23% HL; teeth in a single row on upper as well as lower jaw, no caniniform teeth (Ref. 81683). Interorbital space narrow and slightly concave (Ref. 81290, 81683). Hind end of maxilla extending to below centre of eye (Ref. 81290, 81683) but never posterior to posterior edge of pupil (Ref. 81683). Fin base length of both pelvic fins short and of about equal length (Ref. 81683). Body covered with cycloid or weakly ctenoid scales (Ref. 81290, 81683). Gill rakers moderately long and slender (Ref. 81290, 81683), about 2/3-3/4 length of gill filaments at angle of gill arch (Ref. 81683).
Coloration: eyed side yellowish brown with dark spots along dorsal and anal fins; dark brown spot at base of caudal fin, as well as on upper and lower caudal fin rays; dorsal and anal fins with a series of dark brown spots; blind side entirely whitish (Ref. 81620, 81683).
Occurs in coastal waters (Ref. 2683, 81290) and brackish water of estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 81290, 81683), also ascending rivers (Ref. 81683) and entering freshwater (Ref. 2683). Feeds on fish, shrimps and crabs (Ref. 28587).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Aldebert, Y., M. Desoutter and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Bothidae. p. 1027-1036. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5979)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00325 - 0.01693), b=3.15 (2.97 - 3.33), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).