Common names from other countries
Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae
Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Issue
Authorship of species is credited to Müller & Henle (1841) and not Naterrer (who collected the type specimen) as in Rosa (1985a). A widespread species that may require further subdivision after more study. Studies of its reproductive biology indicate that females attain sexual maturity between 24 and 32 cm DW (males between 20 and 30 cm DW), and may produce from three to 21 embryos per gestation (Achenbach & Achencbach, 1976) or only six or seven (Thorson et al., 1983b; these differences may be populational). Larger specimens may weigh 10 kg. This species has been captively bred in aquaria, but is still the most comercially imported species by the aquarium industry. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Castex & Castello (1970b), Achenbach & Achenbach (1976), Thorson et al. (1983b), Sérét & McEachran (1986), Ortega & Vari (1986), Paepke & Schmidt (1988), Barriga (1991), Compagno & Cook (1995), Lasso et al. (1997a), Ferreira et al. (1998), Britski et al. (1999).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
; пресноводный донно-пелагический; pH range: 5.0 - 6.0; dH range: 10 - ?; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)
South America: Uruguay, Paraná-Paraguay, Orinoco, and Amazon River basins.
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 36687); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 34.2 kg (Ref. 85107)
Found in freshwater rivers. It is an extremely dangerous species. Maximum length reported in Axelrod et al., 1991 (Ref. 6398) is 100 cm TL.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки
16 pups were born by one female in captivity (Ref. 57489).
Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4716)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквариум: общественные аквариумы
дополнительная информация
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (Fec=16).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).