Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 16.7 - 27.8, mean 25.3 (based on 600 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00536 - 0.01781), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=6; tmax=40; K=0.03-0.24; Fec=900,000-1 million).
Prior r = 0.30, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.45, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).