Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 60 m (Ref. 3197). Tropical; 37°N - 35°S, 25°E - 127°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (to Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Ref. 3197) to the Hawaiian Islands.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3287); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9137); peso máx. publicado: 8.0 kg (Ref. 3287)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 9; Raios dorsais (total) : 26 - 34; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 21 - 26.
Adults are found in coastal waters adjacent to sandy beaches; also found to depths of 60 m, often near reefs (Ref. 30573). Pelagic (Ref. 58302). Singly or in small groups (Ref. 48635). They feed mainly on mollusks, benthic crustaceans, and occasionally on small fish (Ref. 90102) that are abundant in the lagoons. Excellent food fish (Ref. 12484), the flesh is rarely poisonous. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Ameaça para os humanos
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 (based on 1490 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01490 - 0.02437), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.21).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).