Australia country information

Common names: Australian herring, Australian herring, Bull herring
Occurrence: endemic
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Tommy ruff inhabit nearshore continental shelf waters of southern Australia from the Gippsland Lakes in eastern Victoria to Shark Bay (Ref. 27296), yet are absent from Tasmania. Stock structure: Tommy ruff comprise a single structure. Commercial fishery: Three quarters of the total annual catch of tommy ruff is taken in Western Australia, where a commercial fishery has operated since the 1940s in the south and lower west coasts from slightly east of Bremer Bay to near Fremantle. This fishery accounts for about 90% of the Western Australian tommy ruff catch (Ref. 27949). In South Australia, the tommy ruff fishery is located inshore in both gulfs and the west coast bays (Ref. 27947). Throughout the year tommy ruff are mainly caught as an incidental catch of the more sought after (and more highly valued) southern garfish, King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctata) and calamary (Sepioteuthis australis) but they are targeted when those species are less abundant in spring (August) to early summer (December). This coincides with the pre-migration period. The South Australian fishery catches older juveniles and immature adults, 1-3 years of age and 13-21 cm FL. The fish targeted in Western Australia are either in pre-spawning or spawning condition (Ref. 27946), between 15 cm and 30 cm FL, and from 200 g to 400 g (Ref. 27947, 27128). The main fishery takes place in autumn and early winter and the largest catches are taken in April (Ref. 27949). However, adult non-spawning tommy ruff which entered estuaries and inshore waters either as juveniles or mature adults support an almost year-round fishery. Tommy ruff are caught by various methods. Haul nets, gillnets, power hauling and trap nets (Ref. 27949) are used in sheltered waters and beache seines are used on ocean beaches. Teams of fishers operate the trap nets. Lampara (modified hauling) nets and gillnets are set at night. In South Australia, hand and power hauled nets are mainly used in gulf waters. In Victoria, tommy ruff are mainly taken as bycatch of inshore fisheries concentrated in inlets and open coastal waters between Port Phillip Bay and the Gippsland Lakes. Recorded catches have declined from a high of 57 t in 1965-66 to 10 t in 1984-85. Tommy ruff are marketed as whole fish either fresh, smoked or frozen. Tommy ruff are consumed locally in Western Australia and South Australia or exported to Victoria. They are not a high value fish. Recreational fishery: Tommy ruff are very popular recreational fish and substantial catches are taken near population centres such as Geraldton, Perth, Rottnest Island, Garden Island (near Perth) and Esperance in Western Australia, and Adelaide to Port Lincoln, Coffin Bay and Ceduna in South Australia. Anglers catch tommy ruff from jetties, boats, rocky shores and beaches, using rod-and-line, handline, trolled spinners or lures, haul nets and set gillnets (Ref. 27946, 27949, 27950). Most of the angling catch of tommy ruff from around Rottnest Island is taken during April and May, when the fish are in pre-spawning condition (Ref. 27951). In the Blackwood River estuary near Augusta in Western Australia, March and April are the most popular months for tommy ruff fishing (Ref. 27951), and in the year from May 1974, an estimated 68,000 tommy ruff were landed from the estuary. Recreational fishing is important in South Australia during summer (October to February) but there are no estimates of the total catch (Ref. 27652, 27950). The size range of caught fish is 15-37 cm TL (Ref. 27950). Resource status: Catches have increased in South Australia and Western Australia from 1983 to 1993 mainly due to increased fishing effort. Up until 1993, the stock appeared to be in good condition or under-exploited throughout its range (Ref. 27946, 27947). The high incidental catch in South Australia makes it difficult to estimate the amount of fishing effort on this species (Ref. 27947). Year to year fluctuations in the catch of tommy ruff in South Australian gulf waters is related to the strength of the eastward-flowing Leeuwin Current. Also Ref. 4537.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Ruff, Saumon rude, Salmón áspero, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Arripidae (Australian salmon)
Etymology: Arripis: Latin, arripio, arripere = to take something suddenly.
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 6390). 溫帶; 26°S - 39°S, 112°E - 150°E

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Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to the southern coasts of Australia.
東印度洋: 澳洲南部海岸的特有種。

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27296); 最大体重: 800.00 g (Ref. 27296); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 27652)

简单描述检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 10; 脊椎骨: 25. Large eyes, diameter of which about one fifth of the head length. Body scales are slightly rough to touch. Body coloration: green above and silvery below with vertical rows of golden spots on the upper sides, tips of the caudal fin are black. Juveniles have dark golden bars on their sides (Ref. 6390). Length of upper lobe of caudal fin < 29.9% SL (Ref. 9701).
大的眼, 直径那一个大约五分之一的头长。身体鳞片些微地粗糙接触。身体颜色: 绿色的上方与下面银色的具有在上侧面上的呈纵向列的金斑点，尾鳍的顶端是黑色的。稚鱼在他们的身边上有黑的金横带。 (参考文献 6390) 尾鳍上叶的长度 <29.9% SL.(参考文献 9701)

Usually found inshore in bays and estuaries over seagrass beds or near areas of seaweed (e.g. kelp), on rocky reefs, and along ocean beaches. Juveniles are found in inshore coastal waters, bays and inlets (Ref. 6390). Feed on small fish and prawns (Ref. 27946).

在岩礁上，在海草床上的海湾与河口中或者在海草 (例如海藻) 的区域的附近通常发现于沿海地区, 而且沿着海洋海滩。稚鱼被发现于近海沿岸水域，湾内。 (参考文献 6390) 捕食小鱼与虾。 (参考文献 27946)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

Both small, undeveloped ova (eggs) and larger ripe ova are present in the ovary at the same time. This phenomenon suggests that these species are either partial spawners (i.e. only some of the ova are spawned each time) or that the small ova remain in the ovary after spawning and are resorbed (Ref. 27945).東印度洋: 澳洲南部海岸的特有種。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

不评价

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的

FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 15.2 - 20.5, mean 17.4 (based on 92 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00352 - 0.02589), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.76 se; based on food items.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.8-1; tm=2-4; tmax=7; Fec=190,000).

Prior r = 0.70, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.05, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (94 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Arripis georgiana (Valenciennes, 1831)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

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生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

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Estimates based on models

Arripis georgiana (Valenciennes, 1831)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)