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Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)

Dusky shark
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Carcharhinus obscurus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Carcharhinus obscurus (Dusky shark)
Carcharhinus obscurus
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Australia country information

Common names: Black whaler, Black whaler shark, Bronze shark whaler
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs throughout Australia but rare off southern Tasmania (Ref. 6871). Also found in the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Enters large coastal bays and inshore areas occasionally. Dusky whalers avoid estuaries and areas of low salinities (Ref. 244). Migratory behavior suggests a single stock in the area. Records of long migrations in Western Australia start from the region between Augusta and Shark Bay, then to as far away as Rowley shoals off the northwest coast and Esperance on the southeast coast (Ref. 13842). Dusky whalers migrate following the warmer water southwards in the spring and summer, and northwards in the autumn and winter. Seasonal, inshore-offshore movements also occur when pregnant females move from outer continental shelf regions onto the inner shelf to pup, and move back after giving birth. Commercial fishery: In Western Australia, major catch areas are from between the Albany and Busselton regions of the Southwest Shark Fishery. Dusky whalers are caught mainly with bottom set gillnets, bottom set longlines, droplines, and handlines. Newly born and small juveniles of around 100 cm TL are primarily exploited (Refs. 6871, 13842). In the South Australian inshore fishery, dusky whalers are caught in west coast bays, Spencer Gulf and Gulf St. Vincent, off the Murray River mouth and the southeast coast. Juveniles of less than 150 cm TL are caught with large mesh bottom set gillnets and bottom set longlines. They are sold fresh and frozen and is very popular in the fish-and-chip trade. Recreational fishery: Jetties such as at Giles Point and Rapid Bay in South Australia, and Lorne and Point Lonsdale in Victoria are frequented by gamefishers for catching dusky whalers. They use moderately heavy lines with wire or light chain traces, and gamefishing tackle. About 5% of all sharks caught by the New South Wales gamefishing clubs between Port Macquarie and Sydney are dusky whalers. Sharks belonging to family Carcharhinidae only comprise 24% of the total shark catch (Ref. 26106). Resource status: Juveniles are mostly targeted in this fishery. However, the extent of the nursery areas is not known so the level of exploitation cannot be determined. There is not much information on the status of the adults as well. Current levels of fishing maybe sustainable probably because the stocks are not being fished over the extent of their range due to their migratory habits (Ref. 13842). Also Ref. 244, 2334, 7300, 9997.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Requin de sable, Tiburón arenero, Shark, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish);  obscurus: Latin for dark, probably referring to its darkish blue-gray body color. (See ETYFish).
  More on author: Lesueur.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 汽水性の 関連する礁; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 400 m (Ref. 244), usually 200 - 400 m.   Subtropical; 45°N - 46°S, 120°W - 156°E (Ref. 55186)

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Western Atlantic: southern Massachusetts to Florida (USA), Georges Bank, Bahamas, Cuba, northern Gulf of Mexico, Nicaragua, southern Brazil and Uruguay (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Senegal, Sierra Leone. Some records from the Mediterranean and Madeira may be based on Carcharhinus galapagensis. Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 5485), Mozambique and South Africa to Japan, China, Viet Nam and Australia. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Island. Highly migratory species.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 249.5, range 220 - 300 cm
Max length : 420 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5578); common length : 250 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 26999); 最大公表体重: 346.5 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大記録サイズ: 40 年 (Ref. 31395)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 0. A large shark with a broadly rounded snout, triangular saw-edged upper teeth, curved moderate-sized pectoral fins, and an interdorsal ridge (Ref. 5578). Blue-grey, lead-grey above, white below; tips of pectoral and pelvic fins, as well as lower lobe of caudal fin and dorsal fins often dusky in young, plain in adults (Ref. 9997).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Found in coastal and offshore waters but not oceanic (Ref. 5578). Adults are commonly found at depths of 200-400 m, young in shallower waters (Ref. 5485). A seasonal migratory species over parts of its range (Ref. 6871). Common component of the catch of the shark longline fishery (Ref.58048). Feeds on bottom and pelagic bony fish, sharks, skates, rays, cephalopods, gastropods, crustaceans, sometimes mammalian carrion and inorganic objects (Ref. 5578). Viviparous (Ref. 50449); with litter size number from 3-14 (Ref. 27549). Large adults are potentially dangerous (Ref. 4716, 6871). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, frozen and smoked for human consumption; hides for leather; fins for sharks-fin soup; and liver oil extracted for vitamins (Ref. 244).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta, litter size 3-14 pups (Ref. 244); 70-100 cm at birth (Ref. 6871). Gestation period of ~ 16 months (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 協力者

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  絶滅危惧 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

人間に対する脅威

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)




Human uses

水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(水産業: 代謝, 種の外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.7 - 18.6, mean 12.6 (based on 736 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00428 - 0.01346), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  非常に低い, １４年以上の倍増期間の最小個体群 (rm=0.02; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).
Prior r = 0.09, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.13, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (62 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.