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Himantura uarnak (Gmelin, 1789)

Honeycomb stingray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Himantura uarnak   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Himantura uarnak (Honeycomb stingray)
Himantura uarnak
Picture by Randall, J.E.


Sri Lanka country information

Common names: Manal thirukai, Pulli-thirukkai, Sona-kah-tirike
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Gmelin.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 汽水性の 関連する礁; 両側回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016).   Subtropical; 23°C - 26°C (Ref. 12468); 38°N - 37°S, 34°E - 149°W

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050); Red Sea (and eastern Mediterranean via Suez Canal) to southern Africa and French Polynesia, north to Taiwan, south to Australia. Also in the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Collected from the estuary of the River Ganges (Ref. 33178). This name has been used for a number of similar spotted species (Ref. 6871). Probably a species complex (Ref. 35766). Its identity has been confused in many publications and Micronesian specimens should be re-examined (Ref. 37816).

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 83.0, range 82 - 84 cm
Max length : 200 cm WD オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 3263); common length : 45.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5450); 最大公表体重: 150.0 kg (Ref. 124786)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 0. Huge stingray with conspicuous dark spots on a light brown disc; spots well-spaced in young but crowded to form reticulated pattern in adult; white ventrally; tail marked with bands of black and white; snout sharply pointed; disc with narrowly rounded outer corners, and tail long, slender and nearly three times body length when intact, with no caudal finfolds; disc without thorns but with band of flat denticles along midback (in adults); usually 1 medium-sized sting on tail (Ref. 5578).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Common off sandy beaches and in shallow estuaries and lagoons; also found in sandy areas of coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Also offshore down to 50 m depth (Ref. 5578). May enter fresh water (Ref. 5578). Feeds on small fishes, bivalves, crabs, shrimps, worms (Ref. 3263) and jellyfishes (Ref. 37816). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Common catch of the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl, longline and beach seine fisheries (Ref.58048). Popular angling fish (Ref. 3263). Not esteemed as a food fish (Ref. 3263). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Tail is used as It is parasitised by the monogeneans Dendromonocotyle colorni and Dendromonocotyle ukuthena on the dorsal skin surface (Ref. 124058).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Bears 3 to 5 young in the summer (Ref. 5578). Size at birth about 21 (Ref.58048) - 28 cm WD (Ref. 6871).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : McEachran, John | 協力者

Fricke, R., 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  絶滅危惧 (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 27 November 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Venomous (Ref. 27550)




Human uses

水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 水族館・水槽: 商業
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食動物
Ecology
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Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
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繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
幼生
幼生の動力
Anatomy
Gill areas

Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
水泳形態
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚の音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
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遺伝子の
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インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.2 - 28.6, mean 27.8 (based on 334 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00840 - 0.03434), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  非常に低い, 14年以上の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Fec=3-5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Low.