China country information

Common names: Chì hóng, Huáng fēn, 牛尾魴
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Recorded from Han Jiang drainage and its river mouth, Xi Jiang drainage and Zhu Jiang (=Pearl River) delta and offshore areas (South China Sea) in Guangdong Province (Ref. 33491). Also recorded from Wutong County of Guangxi Province in Xijiang River drainage (Ref. 33491). Also Ref. 26563.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno, 1999
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Pastenague du Pacifique, Raya látigo del Pacífico, Red stingray, ... more

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae
Etymology: More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino; salobre demersal; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 10 - 50 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 43°N - 23°N (Ref. 114953)

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: central China to northern Japan.

Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m 44.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 637); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 637); peso máximo publicado: 10.7 kg (Ref. 40637)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Disc rhomboid, anterior margin straight, posterior margin convex. Snout triangular and slightly produced. dorsal keel present on tail. Adults with small spines on disc and posterior part of tail. Brown dorsally and some with orangish pectoral fin margins, in front of eyes, behind spiracles, on the sides of the tail just anterior to the sting. Ventrum orangish red.

Found in coral reefs and estuarine areas, on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 12951, 11230). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 9840). Ovoviviparous with litters of only 1 pup (Ref. 114953) while earlier estimates indicated production of up to 10 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Caught occasionally by bottom trawl fisheries operating inshore. Utilized for its meat but of limited value due to its small size (Ref.58048). Served in 'miso' soup, hard boiled with seasonings, or for 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 27 August 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 637)

Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial; Acuario: Comercial

FAO(pesquerías: producción; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Trophic ecology
componentes alimenticios
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Ecology
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Population dynamics
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Length-weight rel.
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Life cycle
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Distribution
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BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
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Physiology
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Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
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Human related
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Perfiles de acuicultura
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Taxonomy
Nombres comunes
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References
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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Datos específicos | Nombres comunes | Photos

Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 21.4 - 29, mean 28.1 (based on 510 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.1; Fec=1).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Hemitrygon akajei (Müller & Henle, 1841)