Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
白眼鮫目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); plumbeus: Latin for “of lead,” i.e., lead-colored, referring to its gray-brown coloration above. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Nardo.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 500 m (Ref. 100719), usually 20 - 65 m (Ref. 55188). 亞熱帶的; 23°C - 27°C (Ref. 244); 45°N - 41°S, 98°W - 154°W (Ref. 55188)
Widespread in tropical and warm-temperate waters worldwide.
西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州, 美國到巴西南部; 也墨西哥灣,巴哈馬,古巴與加勒比海南部與西部.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到剛果, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 範圍從紅海的分散的記錄, 波斯灣而且東非到夏威夷群島。 東太平洋: 雷維拉吉哥多島與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 166.3, range 126 - 183 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 124786); common length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9987); 最大体重: 117.9 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 34 年 (Ref. 92315)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A stout shark with a moderately long, rounded snout, high, triangular, saw-edged upper teeth, and an interdorsal ridge; 1st dorsal fin very large and erect (Ref. 5578). Grey-brown or bronzy with no prominent markings, white below (Ref. 5578). Fins plain or with slightly dusky tips (Ref. 5485).
一矮胖的鲨鱼有一个中等长度的, 圆形的吻,高的,和三角形又边缘锯状的上颚齿 , 与一个间背脊; 第一背鳍非常大的而且竖立.(参考文献 5578) 灰褐色或青铜色没有突出的斑纹, 腹面白色的.(参考文献 5578) 鳍单色的或有略微暗色的尖端.(参考文献 5485)
Found inshore and offshore, on continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water (Ref. 244). Common at bays, river mouths and in harbors; avoids sandy beaches and the surf zone, coral reefs and rough bottom, and surface waters (Ref. 244). Coastal-pelagic, but usually bottom associated at 1-280 m (Ref. 58302). Sometimes in oceanic waters (Ref. 9997). Known to make extended seasonal migrations in some parts of its range (Ref. 6871). Feeds mainly on bony fishes, also small sharks, cephalopods, and shrimps (Ref. 5578), rays and gastropods (Ref. 5213). Youngs feed heavily on crustaceans such as blue crabd and mantis shrimp (Ref. 93252). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Sexual dimorphism is evident in thickness of skin layer of maturing and adult females (Ref. 49562). Females live as long as 21 year; males 15 years (Ref. 27549). Populations are segregated by age. Young readily kept in aquaria (Ref. 244). Utilized for human consumption, for leather and oil (Ref. 244). Marketed fresh, smoked, dried-salted and frozen; fins are valued for soup (Ref. 9987). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Records to 300 cm TL uncertain (Ref. 9997). TL to 300 cm (Ref. 26938). Angling: an inshore fish and a good light-tackle fighter (Ref. 84357).
Viviparous (Ref. 26281), placental (Ref. 50449), 1-14 pups in a litter; 56-75 cm at birth (Ref. 2334); gestation period of 12 months (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Sexual dimorphism is evident in the thicker skin layer of maturing and adult females (Ref. 49562). This thickened skin may serve as protection from the 'bites' the female species receive from the males during precopulation and in the rugged conditions of the rock and coral environment where they live (Ref. 49562). Pups are born from Feb. to April in Northeastern Taiwan (Ref. 37027).西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州, 美國到巴西南部; 也墨西哥灣,巴哈馬,古巴與加勒比海南部與西部.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到剛果, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 範圍從紅海的分散的記錄, 波斯灣而且東非到夏威夷群島。 東太平洋: 雷維拉吉哥多島與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 03 December 2020
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 16.6 - 28.9, mean 27 (based on 3224 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00359 - 0.00555), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.028; K=0.05-0.09; tm=12-16; tmax=34; Fec=5-12).
Prior r = 0.07, 95% CL = 0.05 - 0.10, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).