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Epinephelus costae (Steindachner, 1878)

Goldblotch grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus costae   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus costae (Goldblotch grouper)
Epinephelus costae
Picture by Minguell, C.


Benin country information

Common names: Toboko
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/bn.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Steindachner.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 1 - 300 m (Ref. 27000), usually 4 - 160 m (Ref. 95541).   Subtropical; 47°N - 13°S, 27°W - 42°E

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Records of Epinephelus alexandrinus from Madeira are apparently based on misidentifications of Myctoperca fusca.

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 32.5, range 30 - 35 cm
Max length : 140 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 12382)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais (total) : 15 - 17; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body brownish, fins darker; two dark lines on head, one from lower edge of the eye to the ventral rear edge of the interopercle, 2nd from the dark maxillary streak to the lower edge of the preopercle; adults brown or greyish brown; distinct yellow blotch on body below the spinous dorsal fin; body depth less than head length, depth contained 3.0-3.4 times in Sl; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; interorbital area convex; angular preopercle, 2-3 enlarged serrae at the angle; middle and lower opercular spines flat but distinct, upper spine not apparent; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum; maxilla usually reaching a vertical rear edge of eye, ventral edge of maxilla with low step, no scale on maxilla; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; lateral body scales ctenoid, with auxilliary scales in adults; pyloric caeca 17 (Ref. 89707).

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

Found on sand, mud or rock bottoms (Ref. 6789). Juveniles form small groups (Ref. 12382) in shallow water (Ref. 89707). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, and fish (Ref. 12382). Does not adapt well in aquariums (Ref. 12382). Maximum depth from Ref. 128827.

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

  Dados insuficientes (DD) ; Date assessed: 17 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless




Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: pouco comercial
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13.4 - 27.5, mean 19 (based on 650 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00506 - 0.01366), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Very high.