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Rhinobatos lionotus Norman, 1926

Smoothback guitarfish
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India country information

Common names: Norman's shovelnose ray
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Type locality of Rhinobatos lionotus, mouth of Hooghly River (Ref. 123963). Occurs in the mouth of Hooghly river, and Mutlah river in West Bengal (Ref. 4832).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah, 2002
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Norman's shovelnose ray, Sile logardrai, Gladruggitaarrog, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) > Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) > Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Etymology: Rhinobatos: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, batis, -idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Norman.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 汽水性の 底生の; 両側回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 70 - 76 m (Ref. 123963).   Tropical; 24°N - 5°N, 66°E - 91°E (Ref. 114953)

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Indian Ocean: West Bengal to Myanmar, upper Bay of Bengal (India) to possibly Arabian Sea; Sri Lanka (Ref. 114953).

サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 114953)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

This species is distinguished by the following set of characters: disc is wedge-shaped, rather large, its width 35-37% TL, its length 1.2-1.3 times width; snout is relatively short, length 2.5-2.7 times interspiracular distance, ~3.4 times interorbital width; orbit diameter 1.2-1.4 times the spiracle length; nostrils are moderately oblique, length 1.3-1.5 times internarial distance; mouth width 6.3-6.9% TL; preoral length 5.5-5.9 times internarial distance; posterior nasal flaps are broad; two spiracular folds, the outermost fold subequal to marginally taller than inner fold; ridges of the rostral cartilage almost parallel, widely separated, converging slightly anteriorly but not constricted medially; anterior cartilage weakly sickle-shaped, almost truncate posteriorly; distance between the fifth gill slits 2.5-2.7 times in ventral head length; prebranchial sensory pore system distinct, extending posteriorly to margin of first gill slit; postscapular sensory canal notched, the lateral pores exposed; with weak thorn patches on supraorbit and scapular region, and row of rudimentary thorns (inconspicuous) along dorsal midline; denticles on dorsal fins densest anteriorly, more sparse posteriorly; dorsal fins are small, height of first 7.7-8.1% TL; pelvic-fin inner margin subequal to or shorter than its base length; interdorsal distance 2.3-2.9 times first dorsal-fin base; dorsal caudal margin 1.9-2.0 times the preventral margin; upper jaw with ~118 tooth rows; snout angle ~61°; pectoral radials 68-72; post-synarcual centra ~164; nasal lamellae ~49. Colouration: dorsal fins brownish anteriorly while dusky posteriorly and apically; dorsal disc of adults is uniformly brown to greenish, with or without large, regularly spaced cloudy blotches (faint orange to dusky, more or less symmetrically arranged and of irregular sizes); ventral disc and tail are pale; undersurface of snout without large, black, teardrop marking (Ref. 123963).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Found on benthic inshore areas on continental shelf to at least 76 m depth (Ref. 123963). Also known to inhabit river mouths. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Confused with other species in the Indian Ocean, biology unknown (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : McEachran, John | 協力者

Last, P.R., B. Séret and G.J.P. Naylor, 2019. Description of Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov.(Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) from the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal with a review of its northern Indian Ocean congeners. Zootaxa 4576(2):257-287. (Ref. 123963)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  絶滅寸前の危機的状況 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 13 May 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless




Human uses

水産業: 少数商業の
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00295 (0.00151 - 0.00578), b=3.13 (2.96 - 3.30), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Low.