Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 44 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 30°N - 33°S, 30°E - 137°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: Kenya south to Natal, South Africa and east to the central Pacific. Unknown from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Hawaii. Recorded from Europa Island (MNHN 1992-0498, Ref. 33390). Often confused with Epinephelus quoyanus, Epinephelus faveatus, Epinephelus corallicola, and Epinephelus howlandi.
印度-太平洋: 肯亞南至南非的納塔爾而且東至中太平洋。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣與夏威夷。 記錄自歐羅巴島了。 (MNHN 1992-0498, 參考文獻 33390) 時常與 玳瑁石斑魚〔Epinephelus quoyanus〕 ， 巢斑石斑魚〔Epinephelus faveatus〕 ， 黑駁石斑魚〔Epinephelus corallicola〕 與 荷氏石斑魚〔Epinephelus howlandi〕 互相混淆。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4787); 最大体重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Head profile angular; body less compressed and spots more closely spaced than E. corallicola and E. howlandi (Ref. 37816). Body and median fins with large dark blotches, largest towards the tail (Ref. 48635); further characterized by pale greyish color; head, body and fins with well-spaced dark brown to orange brown spots of unequal size; soft dorsal, anal and caudal fins with narrow white to yellow margin; lower part of head and breast with white blotches; 3-4 black blotches along back; body scales cycloid except ctenoid on lower region below pectoral fins; body with numerous auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.9-3.6 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.8-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; flat or slightly concave interorbital area, dorsal head profile of adults with ventral bend at orbits; rounded preopercle, minute serrae mostly covered by skin and shallow indentation just above the angle; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum posterior nostril distinctly larger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of orbit, ventral edge smoothly curved at distal expansion; strongly projecting lower jaw, 2-4 rows of teeth at midlateral part (Ref. 89707).
头部轮廓有角的; 身体比较不扁长形与斑点更多间隔很密的超过 E. corallicola 与 E. howlandi.(参考文献 37816) 身体与中央的鳍有大的黑色斑块, 大的向尾部.(参考文献 48635)
Found in lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710) to a depth of at least 44 m; including outer reef slopes. More abundant on oceanic reefs and rare on coastal reefs (Ref. 89707). Feeds on crustaceans (mainly crabs), fishes, octopi, and squid. Solitary (Ref 90102).
发现于泻湖与临海礁石 (参考文献 9710) 到深度至少 44 公尺了。 吃甲壳动物 (主要地螃蟹) ，鱼，章鱼与乌贼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 肯亞南至南非的納塔爾而且東至中太平洋。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣與夏威夷。 記錄自歐羅巴島了。 (MNHN 1992-0498, 參考文獻 33390) 時常與 玳瑁石斑魚〔Epinephelus quoyanus〕 ， 巢斑石斑魚〔Epinephelus faveatus〕 ， 黑駁石斑魚〔Epinephelus corallicola〕 與 荷氏石斑魚〔Epinephelus howlandi〕 互相混淆。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 24.7 - 29, mean 27.9 (based on 718 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00701 - 0.01638), b=3.05 (2.93 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
