India country information

Common names: Sudung, Valakka, വലക്ക
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in the coast, including the Laccadives (Ref. 45255).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah, 2002
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Pinge pintade, Blacktail grubfish, Ocellated grubfish, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers) > Pinguipedidae (Sandperches)
Etymology: Parapercis: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; djupintervall 2 - 25 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 30°N - 30°S

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 29.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 30573); common length : 18.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 30573)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 5; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 21 - 22; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 1; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 17 - 18. Easily identified by the large black blotch on the tail. Body and head spotted, except in large males that feature lines on the cheek instead (Ref. 48636). Upper third of body greenish to brownish grey, flecked with dark brown, the lower two-thirds white with 3 or 4 longitudinal rows of small dark brown spots, sometimes linked by narrow dark stripes except lower row as discrete yellow-edged black spots. Caudal fin with a very large black spot centrobasally in fin. Last membrane of spinous portion of dorsal fin connected to first dorsal-fin ray nearly at height of fifth dorsal-fin spine (Ref 42740).

Found on sand and rubble bottoms of shallow lagoon and protected seaward reefs (Ref. 9710, 48636). Also Ref. 58652.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Ho, Hsuan-Ching | Medarbetare

Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 April 2022

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Akvarium: Kommersiell

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer

Ecology
Ekologi
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduktion
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larver
Larvdynamik

Distribution
Länder
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Hjärnstorlek
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fiskljud
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Morfometri
Bilder

References
referenser

Verktyg

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Populärnamn | Photos

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.9 - 29.3, mean 28.3 (based on 3415 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00499 - 0.01323), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=0.4).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier, 1829)