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Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nile tilapia
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Japan country information

Common names: Chikadai
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Transplanted from Africa in 1962. Cultured in hot spring areas. Has been recognized to be established in the country or found in the wild (Ref. 53301).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.maff.go.jp/eindex.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names ชื่อสามัญ | ชื่อพ้อง | Catalog of Fishes(สกุล, ชนิด) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335);  niloticus: Cancellata = barred, referring to the dark bars on the flanks of the species (Ref. 58535).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range นิเวศวิทยา

; น้ำจืด; กร่อย กลุ่มสัตว์หน้าดิน,กลุ่มสัตว์พื้นท้องน้ำ; สัตว์น้ำจืดที่มีการอพยพอย่างแท้จริงภายในแหล่งน้ำจืดเท่านั้น (Ref. 51243); ระดับความลึก 0 - 20 m (Ref. 32849), usually ? - 20 m (Ref. 34290).   Tropical; 14°C - 33°C (Ref. 3); 32°N - 5°S, 17°W - 38°E

การแพร่กระจาย ประเทศต่างๆ | พื้นที่จำแนกตาม FAO | ระบบนิเวศหลายระบบ | การปรากฏขึ้น,การเกิดขึ้น,พบ | Point map | การแนะนำ | Faunafri

Africa: naturally occurring in coastal rivers of Israel (Ref. 5166), Nile basin (including lake Albert, Edward and Tana), Jebel Marra, Lake Kivu, Lake Tanganyika, Awash River, various Ethiopian lakes, Omo River system, Lake Turkana, Suguta River and Lake Baringo (Ref. 2). In West Africa natural distribution covers the basins of the Senegal, Gambia, Volta, Niger, Benue and Chad, with introduced specimens reported from various coastal basins (Ref. 53405). Widely introduced for aquaculture, with many existing strains. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction. The following subspecies were previously recognized: Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis, Oreochromis niloticus cancellatus, Oreochromis niloticus eduardianus, Oreochromis niloticus filoa, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, Oreochromis niloticus sugutae, Oreochromis niloticus tana and Oreochromis niloticus vulcani.

Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age

Maturity: Lm 18.6, range 6 - 28 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 4967); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 4.3 kg (Ref. 40637); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 9 ปี (Ref. 164)

Short description เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการแยกชนิดสัตว์,สิ่งมีชีวิตออกจากกัน | สัณฐานวิทยา | ความยาวต่างๆ

เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม) : 15 - 18; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่หาง (รวม) : 11 - 13; เงี่ยงครีบก้น: 3; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่ก้น: 9 - 11; สัตว์มีกระดูกสันหลัง: 30 - 32. Diagnosis: A large deep-bodied tilapia, with a relatively small head (Ref. 118638). Jaws of mature male not greatly enlarged, length of lower jaw 29-37% of head length; genital papilla of breeding male not tassellated (Ref. 2). Body depth 36-50% of SL (Ref. 28714). Most distinguishing characteristic is the presence, at all life stages, of regular vertical stripes throughout depth of caudal fin (Ref. 4967, 53405, 118638). In smaller fishes, these are relatively wide and form an arc, and start at the base of the caudal fin (Ref. 118638). Males are bluish pink, sometimes with a dark throat, belly, anal and pelvic fins; females are usually brownish, silvery/white beneath with around 10 thin vertical bars (Ref. 118638).

ชีววิทยา     ภาคผนวก (เช่น epibenthic)

Occurs in a wide variety of freshwater habitats like rivers, lakes, sewage canals and irrigation channels (Ref. 28714). Does not do well in pure salt water, but is able to survive in brackish water (Ref. 52307). Mainly diurnal. Feeds mainly on phytoplankton or benthic algae. Additionally, insect larvae are of some importance, as are aufwuchs and detritus; juveniles tend to be more omnivorous than adults (Ref. 52307). Oviparous (Ref. 205), ovophilic (Ref. 52307). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 2, 28714, 52307, 118638), males dig simple pits in shallow water (Ref. 118638). May mature early (about 11 cm TL females, 14 cm TL males) (Ref. 28714). Globally, the most important tilapia species in fish farming and supports major capture fisheries where established; generally highly invasive and known to hybridise with many other Oreochromis species and for this reason further stocking has been banned in a number of countries, e.g. South Africa, Malawi and Zambia (Ref. 118638). Extended temperature range 8-42 °C, natural temperature range 13.5 - 33 °C (Ref. 3). Maximum depth from Ref. 34290. Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | การสืบพันธุ์ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ตัวอ่อน

Sexual maturity is reached at 3-6 months depending on temperature, reaching about 30 g. Reproduction occurs only when temperatures are over 20°C. Several yearly spawnings every 30 days. Females incubate eggs inside their mouths (approximately for a week) where larvae hatch and remain until the vitellus is reabsorved. Egg size 1.5 mm, larval length at hatching 4 mm. Spawns in firm sand in water from 0.6 to 2 m deep of lakes (Ref. 2) and inshore waters (Ref. 55624). Males set up and defend territory which are visited by the females. Courtship lasts several hours. A single male probably fertilises the eggs of more than one female (Ref. 55624). Eggs are shed in batches in shallow nest and fertilized by male. Each batch of eggs is picked up into oral cavity by female. Females solely involved in broodcare. Female carries up to 200 eggs in her mouth where the larvae hatch and remain until after the yolk-sac is absorbed.

Main reference Upload your references | อ้างอิง | ผู้ประสานงาน : Kullander, Sven O. | ผู้ร่วมมือ

Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 April 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Potential pest




Human uses

การประมง: เน้นการพาณิชย์; การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ: การค้า
FAO(Aquaculture systems: การผลิต, species profile; การประมง: การผลิต, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01589 - 0.02285), b=2.97 (2.93 - 3.01), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref. 120179):  ขนาดกลาง, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 1.4 - 4.4 ปี (K=0.14-0.41; tm=1-2; tmax=9; Fec < 1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.