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Heterodontus zebra (Gray, 1831)

Zebra bullhead shark
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Heterodontus zebra   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Heterodontus zebra (Zebra bullhead shark)
Heterodontus zebra
Picture by Gloerfelt-Tarp, T.


Japan country information

Common names: Shima-nekozame
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Recorded from Kochi and the southern part of the Sea of Japan (Ref. 559, 11230) to eastern Korea (Ref. 11230). Also Ref. 9838, 43278.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.maff.go.jp/eindex.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) > Heterodontiformes (Bullhead and horn sharks) > Heterodontidae (Bullhead, horn, or Port Jackson sharks)
Etymology: Heterodontus: heteros (Gr.), different; odontos (Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back. (See ETYFish);  zebra: Referring to 12 narrow brown or black zebra-like stripes on body. (See ETYFish).
  More on author: Gray.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; djupintervall 0 - 200 m (Ref. 6871).   Subtropical; 40°N - 20°S, 103°E - 155°E

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Western Pacific: Japan to northwestern Australia (Ref. 6871) and Queensland.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 84 - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2334)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 2; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. The Zebra bullhead shark, Heterodontus zebra, has a large blunt head, low supra-orbital crest gradually sloping behind eyes, dorsal fin spines, anal fin, and zebra-pattern of dark, narrow vertical bands on a pale background (Ref. 9838; 6871). As characteristic of members of the family, caudal fin with a moderately long dorsal lobe and moderately long ventral lobe, the latter shorter than the dorsal lobe, vertebral axis raised into caudal-fin lobe (Ref.9838).

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

A common but little-known shark found on the continental and insular shelves in depths down to at least 50 m (Ref. 247, 11230) in the South China Sea, but deeper and in 150 - 200 meters off Western Australia (Ref. 43278). Probably feeds on bottom invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 6871). Oviparous (Ref. 247).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Lays auger type eggs (about 12-18cm, 4.7-7 inches long) among rocks & kelp, often with more than female using same oviposition site, with as many eggs found in a single nest; female lay 2 eggs at a time, from spring to late summer in Japan, 6-12 times during a single spawning season. Eggs hatch in 1 year. Hatch at 18 cm (7 inches), max length at 1.2m (3.9 ft.). During courtship, male grasps pectoral fin of female & wraps posterior part of body under her so single clasper can be inserted into her cloaca. In several mating bouts observed, copulation lasted as long as 15 minutes (Ref. 12951).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Compagno, L.J.V., 2001. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 May 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Traumatogenic




Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Akvarium: Potentiell
FAO(fiskeri: species profile; publication : search) | FishSource |

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer
Ecology
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Population dynamics
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Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 15.4 - 26.6, mean 21.8 (based on 223 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5059   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00166 - 0.00872), b=3.15 (2.95 - 3.35), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.