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Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rock gunnel
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Pholis gunnellus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Pholis gunnellus
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Lithuania country information

Common names: Taukžuvė
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/lh.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Gonelle, Crinkly dick, Sigouine de roche, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) > Pholidae (Gunnels) > Pholinae
Etymology: Pholis: Greek, pholis, -idos = scale (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 48978), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 35388).   極; 72°N - 43°N, 76°W - 45°E

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

North Atlantic: Kanin Peninsula southward to La Rochelle (including White Sea, North Sea and Baltic), also Iceland, but not eastern Greenland, Spitzbergen or Novaya Zemlya. Western Atlantic: Labrador, Canada to Delaware Bay, USA (Ref. 7251).
北大西洋: Kanin 半島向南至 La 羅謝爾 (包括白海，北海與波羅的海), 也冰島, 但是不是東方的格陵蘭， Spitzbergen 或新地島。 西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國德拉瓦灣的拉布拉多.(參考文獻 7251)

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4693); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 72462)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

Ribbon - shaped body with 9 - 13 eye spots along the base of the dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).
缎带 - 形状的身体有 9- 13个眼斑沿着背鳍基底。 (参考文献 35388)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in shallow waters (seashore, tide pools), but descends (especially in winter) to 100 m or more. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Feeds on small crustaceans, polychaetes, mollusks and fish eggs. The eggs are laid on the sea bed in a large clump, which is closely guarded until hatched (Ref. 9900). Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Spawning occur in November - January . Female lays 80-200 eggs in a large ball under a stone or in an empty bivalve shell (Ref. 35388).

出现于浅水域 (海岸, 潮池), 但是对 100个公尺或更多下降 (尤其冬天时)。 可以停留在岩石或海草下面离开水面.(参考文献 31184) 吃小型甲壳动物，多毛类动物，软件动物与鱼卵。 卵在大的丛中海床上生产, 是接近地直到孵化保卫.(参考文献 9900) 呼吸空气当离开水面.(参考文献 31184) 产卵出现在十一月 - 一月。 母鱼存贮 80-200个卵在一块石头下面的一个大的球或在一个空的双壳贝中.(参考文献 35388)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

Male and female coil around the egg ball (Ref. 58332).北大西洋: Kanin 半島向南至 La 羅謝爾 (包括白海，北海與波羅的海), 也冰島, 但是不是東方的格陵蘭， Spitzbergen 或新地島。 西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國德拉瓦灣的拉布拉多.(參考文獻 7251)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Makushok, V.M., 1986. Pholididae. p. 1124-1125. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4693)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  不评价 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 4.3 - 11.9, mean 9.5 (based on 692 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00209 (0.00110 - 0.00398), b=3.17 (3.00 - 3.34), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-3; K=0.18-0.29; tmax=12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).