Common names from other countries
Classification / Names
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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Upeneus: Greek, ypene, -es = upper lip (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Day.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
; น้ำจืด สัตว์น้ำหน้าดิน; ระดับความลึก 8 - 165 m (Ref. 98481). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: from S Mozambique and the Red Sea to Japan, N Australia and New Caledonia.
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm 11.5, range 11 - 11.9 cm
Max length : 16.0 cm SL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 83903)
เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม) : 7; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่หาง (รวม) : 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VII + 9; pectoral fins 12-15; gill rakers 5-8 + 16-19 = 23-26. Measurements as %SL for adults: body depth at first dorsal fin origin 21-26 and at anus 18-22; caudal-peduncle depth 9.3-11; maximum head depth 18-22 and through eye 15-18; head length 26-29; snout length 9.4-12; orbit length 5.9-8.5; upper jaw length 9.5-12; barbel length 16-20; caudal-fin length 27-31; anal-fin height 15-19; pelvic-fin length 19-22; pectoral-fin length 19-22; first dorsal-fin height 20-25, at least one of the first 3 spines disproportionally higher; second dorsal-fin height 14-18; total oblique bars on caudal fin 7-16; upper caudal-fin lobe with 5-6 (rarely 4) reddish bars with 4-5 (rarely 3) bars distally from fork and one bar close to fin lobe base, of similar width or narrower than the pale interspaces between bars; there are 2-10 often faint, rather short and/or irregularly arranged red bars on ventral margin of lower caudal-fin lobe, sometimes extending to dorsal half of lobe or connecting to a red stripe which covers the lobe dorsally to two-thirds of its width at maximum; the caudal-fin lobe bars and stripe fade away after death and only traces retained in preserved fish; when fresh, barbels yellow rarely white; body colour may be variable, often white or rose below lateral line, covered by red pigmentation above lateral line which may also reach down ventrally and to head, sometimes forming red patches or blotches; body raely with a faint red or red-orange mid-lateral stripe from behind eye to caudal-fin base; when preserved, the body is pale brown and not dorsally darkened (Ref. 83903).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | การสืบพันธุ์ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ตัวอ่อน
Uiblein, F. and P.C. Heemstra, 2010. A taxonomic review of the Western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Family Mullidae), with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana 11:35-71. (Ref. 83903)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00653 - 0.01928), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ความสูง, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลาน้อยกว่า 15 เดือน (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
