Mexico country information

Common names: Raya mariposa, Raya mariposa californiana, Raya mariposa de California
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Recorded from several localities in Baja California Sur (Ref. 37955). Of little importance as a food fish (Ref. 37955). Also Ref. 1468, 9255.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: De la Cruz Agüero, J., M. Arellano Martínez, V.M. Cota Gómez and G. de la Cruz-Agüero, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Raie-papillon californienne, Raya mariposa californiana, Raya mariposa californiana, ... more

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino demersal; rango de profundidad 1 - 94 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 44°N -

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Peru.

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9255); common length : 95.0 cm WD macho / no sexado; (Ref. 1468)

Inhabits warm-temperate to tropical shallow bays and beaches (Ref. 2850). Feeds on crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 37955). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Has a small venom apparatus which has limited use as a defense organ (Ref. 37955). Maximum length reported to reach 150 cm (Ref. 37955).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 07 February 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4690)

Human uses

Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Trophic ecology
componentes alimenticios
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Despredadores

Ecology
Ecología
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Population dynamics
Growths
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproducción
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinámica larvaria

Distribution
Países
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BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
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Physiology
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Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Tipo de natación
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sonidos de peces
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Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
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Electrophoreses
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Human related
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Perfiles de acuicultura
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Nombres comunes
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References
Referencias

Herramientas

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Datos específicos | Nombres comunes | Photos

Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 17.7 - 28.8, mean 23.4 (based on 100 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00352 - 0.01710), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (Fec assumed to be <10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Gymnura marmorata (Cooper, 1864)