Mexico country information

Common names: Raya mariposa, Raya mariposa californiana, Raya mariposa de California
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Recorded from several localities in Baja California Sur (Ref. 37955). Of little importance as a food fish (Ref. 37955). Also Ref. 1468, 9255.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: De la Cruz Agüero, J., M. Arellano Martínez, V.M. Cota Gómez and G. de la Cruz-Agüero, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Raie-papillon californienne, Raya mariposa californiana, Raya mariposa californiana, ... more

Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກອ່ອນ (ເຊັ່ນ: ປາສະຫລາມ, ປາຜາໄລ) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - 94 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 44°N -

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Peru.

ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9255); common length : 95.0 cm WD ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 1468)

Inhabits warm-temperate to tropical shallow bays and beaches (Ref. 2850). Feeds on crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 37955). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Has a small venom apparatus which has limited use as a defense organ (Ref. 37955). Maximum length reported to reach 150 cm (Ref. 37955).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ : McEachran, John | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 07 February 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4690)

Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | ທະເລອ້ອມຂ້າງພວກເຮົາ

ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Trophic ecology
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Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
ຜູ້ລ້າ

Ecology
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ

Distribution
ປະເທດ
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Anatomy
Gill areas
ສະໝອງ
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
ປະເພດການລອຍ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
ສຽງຂອງປາ
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
ກຳມະພັນ
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
ຂໍ້ມູນການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ
ສາຍພັນ
Ciguatera cases
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Outreach
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Taxonomy
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References
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Summary page | ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນ | ຊື່ສາມັນ | Photos

ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 17.7 - 28.8, mean 23.4 (based on 100 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00352 - 0.01710), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.

ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179): ຕຳ່ຫຼາຍ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າຫຼາຍກວ່າ 14 ປີ (Fec assumed to be <10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Gymnura marmorata (Cooper, 1864)