Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 15 - 400 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 15°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea (Ref. 12382); Mauritania to Angola, including Madeira, Cape Verde and the Canary Islands (Ref. 5979).
東大西洋: 地中海與亞得里亞海海洋;(參考文獻 12382) 茅利塔尼亞到安哥拉,包括馬得拉群島, 維德角與加納利群島.(參考文獻 5979)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 20.4  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27584); common length : 13.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大体重: 700.00 g (Ref. 27584); 最大年龄: 6 年 (Ref. 127561)
背的软条 (总数) : 85 - 95; 臀鳍软条: 63 - 73. The scales on the eyed side are ctenoid and cycloid on the blind side. The inter-orbital width is much wider in males. The upper pectoral fin rays are not prolonged. The subspecies in the Mediterranean and African coast, P. podas has 75-86 lateral line scales, with 13-20 scales making up the curved portion. Its eyed side has alight brown color, bearing darker spots. The subspecies in Madeira and the Canaries, B. p. maderensis, has 88-91 lateral line scales, with 20-21 on the lateral line curve. Its eyed side appears dark brown to dark violet and seldom spotted.
在有眼睛的一边上的鳞片在没有眼睛的一边上是有栉鳞而圆形的。 在眼窝之间的宽度在雄性中非常宽。 上面的胸鳍鳍条不是延长。 在地中海与非洲海岸中的亚种, P. podas 有 75-86个侧线鳞片,藉由正在组成弯曲的部分的 13-20个鳞片。 它的有眼睛的一边有落褐色, 生长着较黑的斑点。 在马得拉群岛与加那利群岛, B. p 的亚种。 maderensis,有 88-91个侧线鳞片, 具有 20-21 在侧线弯曲上。 它的有眼睛的一边显得深褐色的到深紫罗兰色与很少有斑点的。
Found in shallow waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms of the continental plateau (Ref. 5377, 12382). Feeds on benthic small fishes and invertebrates. Reproduction occurs between May and August. Small individuals adapt well in aquariums but require sufficient bottom areas (Ref. 12382).
发现于浅水域了, 在大陆高地的沙泥底之上。 (参考文献 5377,12382) 吃底栖的小鱼与无脊椎动物。 在五月与八月之间繁殖。 小的个体适应得好在水族馆但是需要充份的底部区域.(参考文献 12382)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 地中海與亞得里亞海海洋;(參考文獻 12382) 茅利塔尼亞到安哥拉,包括馬得拉群島, 維德角與加納利群島.(參考文獻 5979)
Aldebert, Y., M. Desoutter and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Bothidae. p. 1027-1036. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5979)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
工具
特别资料
下载 XML
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 13 - 17.6, mean 15.1 (based on 199 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00648 - 0.01170), b=3.07 (3.01 - 3.13), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.43).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).