Philippines country information

Common names: Alama, Balawis, Balawis
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Siargao Island (Ref. 58652), Bolinao, Pangasinan (Ref. 87989), Nasugbu, Batangas (Ref. 107853), Davao Gulf, Sarangani Bay, Paril-Sangay Protected Seascape, Moro Gulf (Ref. 106380) and Leyte Gulf (Ref. 68980). Museum: AMS I. 22411; BPBM 26504. Also Ref. 1419.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Werner, T.B. and G.R. Allen, 2000
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Petit sigan, Spiny rabbitfish, Scribbled spinefoot, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Siganidae (Rabbitfishes)
Etymology: Siganus: Latin, siganus = a fish, rabbit fish; by the similarity of the nose (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; djupintervall 1 - 50 m (Ref. 28016), usually 1 - 20 m (Ref. 27115). Tropical; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 27115); 30°N - 30°S, 77°E - 129°W

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Known from India to French Polynesia; north to Japan; south to New Caledonia.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9710); common length : 18.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9813)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 10; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 7; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 9; Ryggkotor: 13. The species can adopt a number of camouflage patterns involving off-white, pale gray to blackish, and various shades of brown. The basic pattern consists of a labyrinth of narrow bands with upper half vermiculate, the lower ones tend to meander horizontally. This pattern extends to the fins. Iris golden dissected by a chocolate cross. 4-5 irregular off-white bars on caudal peduncle. Scales fine on cheeks, densely packed over lower 2/3 of preopercular region. Midline of thorax without scales between pelvic ridges. Fin spines stout, pungent, venomous. Preopercular angle 87-100 degrees.

Adults inhabit shallow coral reef flats. Found in rivers (Ref. 12792, 48637). Occurs in small schools (usually less than 10 individuals). Juveniles gather in larger numbers in corals with algae-grown at their bases (Ref. 48637). Initially, they browse on fine textured, e.g. filamentous algae, switching to coarser algae with increasing size. Both adults and juveniles are diurnal feeders (Ref. 4666). Fry are marketed fresh, pickled in brine or made into fish paste (Ref. 9813). Can inflict painful stings (Ref. 4690).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Woodland, David J. | Medarbetare

Woodland, D.J., 1990. Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 March 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4690)

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Akvarium: Kommersiell

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer

Ecology
Ekologi
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduktion
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larver
Larvdynamik

Distribution
Länder
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Hjärnstorlek
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fiskljud
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
Medarbetare

Taxonomy
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Morfometri
Bilder

References
referenser

Verktyg

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Populärnamn | Photos

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.6 - 29, mean 28 (based on 950 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.01284 - 0.02961), b=3.01 (2.89 - 3.13), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 2.0 ±0.03 se; based on food items.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Prior r = 1.20, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)