Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 213 m (Ref. 5222), usually 3 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 30°S, 98°W - 30°W (Ref. 89707)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西里約熱內盧, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 18 - 20; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Distinguished by the following characteristics: body and fins black with many large white blotches (Ref. 13608). Compressed, with a large pectoral fin; scales smooth (Ref. 26938); greatest depth of body 2.2-2.5 in SL; body width 2.2-2.9 times in depth; head length 2.5-2.8 times in SL; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, serrae at the angle slightly enlarged (Ref. 089707).
身体与鳍黑色的有许多大的白色斑块。 (参考文献 13608) 扁长形的, 具有一个大的胸鳍; 鳞片平滑的.(参考文献 26938)
Usually on deep ledges, at depths to 210 m and on reefs, usually in caves or deep crevices (Ref. 7251). Solitary (Ref. 26340) and secretive, darts away when approached or frightened (Ref. 9710). Rarely seen in markets. Major threat to this species is fishing pressure (Ref. 089707).
通常在深的岩架上, 深达 210 公尺与在礁上, 通常在洞穴或深的裂隙.(参考文献 7251) 独居性的 (参考文献 26340) 与躲躲藏藏的, 冲出离开当被接近时或惊吓.(参考文献 9710) 很少在市场中见到了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西里約熱內盧, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 23.6 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 502 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00469 - 0.01544), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
