Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; ej vandrande; djupintervall 20 - 500 m (Ref. 4510), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 60°N - 35°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles (rare) to Senegal including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Also throughout the Mediterranean except Black Sea. South African species thought to be the same as population in the northeast Atlantic (Ref. 4313).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4510); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2683); publicerad maxvikt: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 12; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 9; Taggstrålar i analfenan 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 5. Dark spot often on spinous dorsal (Ref. 4313).
Solitary and sedentary over rocky, sandy or muddy bottoms. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref.4570).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Hureau, J.-C. and N.I. Litvinenko, 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 1211-1229. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol 3. (Ref. 4570)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Ytterligare information
PopulärnamnsynonymerMetabolikPredatorerEkotoxikologiReproduktionKönsmognadLekFecundityÄggEgg development
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 11.1 - 18, mean 14.4 (based on 189 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.01129 - 0.01539), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.08).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).