Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 10 - ? m (Ref. 5213). Subtropical; 12°S - 36°S, 10°E - 34°E
Southeast Atlantic to southwestern Indian Ocean: southern Angola to Natal, South Africa.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 34.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4370); peso máx. publicado: 6.5 kg (Ref. 4370)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 10; Raios dorsais (total) : 18 - 19; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 13 - 14. Changes from black to silver almost instantly to blend with environment; occasionally mottled or with 7-9 crossbars (Ref. 4370).
Found in inshore reefs, rocky and sandy areas. Feeds on mollusks, crustaceans, and other invertebrates (Ref. 5213). Abundant in winter, breeding occurs in deeper water. Becoming scarce because of overfishing (Ref. 36731).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Smith, M.M., 1986. Coracinidae. p. 601-602. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4370)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 14.4 - 24.7, mean 16.7 (based on 20 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.00664 - 0.03964), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).