United Arab Emirates country information

Common names: Sammam
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tc.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Mérou aréolé, Mero areolado, لؤز ذو لعوة, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; djupintervall 6 - 200 m (Ref. 2334). Tropical; 35°N - 33°S, 29°E - 180°E (Ref. 5222)

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to Natal, South Africa and east to Fiji, north to Japan, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Appears to be absent from Micronesia, Polynesia, and most islands of the western Indian Ocean. Often confused with Epinephelus chlorostigma.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m 20.0, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 27266); common length : 35.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5450); publicerad maxvikt: 1.4 kg (Ref. 27266); rapporterad maxålder: 15 år (Ref. 27352)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 15 - 17; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth less than head length, 2.7-3.3 in SL (for specimens 14-31 cm SL); head length 2.4-2.8 in SL; D XI,15-17; pectoral rays 17-19 (usually 17-18); body scales ctenoid, cycloid scales on thorax and ventrally on abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; anal fin of adults rounded to slightly angular, longest soft ray 2.0-2.6 in HL; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 14-16; pyloric caeca 11-17; preopercle with 2-7 enlarged serrae at the angle; upper edge of operculum straight or slightly convex; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2 rows of teeth; lateral-line scales 49-53; caudal fin slightly convex in juveniles, truncate or slightly emarginate in adults. Colour of head, body, and fins pale, covered with numerous close-set brown, brownish yellow or greenish yellow spots (becoming smaller and increase in number as growth increases), the largest about size of pupil, those on front of head smaller than those on operculum; pectoral fins pale, with small dark spots on the rays; posterior edge of caudal fin with a distinct white margin (Ref. 39231, 90102).

Usually found in seagrass beds or on fine sediment bottoms near rocky reefs, dead coral, or alcyonarians (Ref. 5222), in shallow continental shelf waters (Ref. 27353). Juveniles are common at water depths to 80 m (Ref. 6390). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feed on fish and benthic invertebrates, primarily prawns and crabs (Ref. 4787, 27354). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, and trawls; common in the markets of Hong Kong, Singapore and probably throughout its range (Ref. 39231).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell

FAO(Aquaculture systems: produktion; fiskeri: produktion; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer

Ecology
Ekologi
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Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
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Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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Physiology
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Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
Fiskljud
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetik
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Human related
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Vattenbruksprofiler
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Taxonomy
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References
referenser

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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Populärnamn | Photos

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.4 - 28.4, mean 26.9 (based on 1165 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00828 - 0.01667), b=3.05 (2.95 - 3.15), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.31; tm=2; tmax=25; Fec = 22,128).

Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775)