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Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814)

Black Sea turbot
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Scophthalmus maeoticus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Turkey country information

Common names: Black Sea brill, Kalkan
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the Black Sea, European Black Sea watersheds and Anatolian Black Sea watersheds (Ref. 58342). Collected at 24-52 m from the SW Black Sea shelf (Ref. 115544). Also Ref. 106151. Threatened due to commercial and bycatch fishing, habitat loss and eutrophication/pollution. Proposed for Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive (Ref. 58342). Also Ref. 4703. Status of threat: Endangered (Ref. 58342). EurTurk
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007
National Database: CLOMFOT

Common names from other countries

Black Sea brill, Καλκάνι Eυξείνου, Калкан чорноморський, ... more

Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Scophthalmidae (Turbots)
Etymology: Scophthalmus: Greek, skopelos = a lantern fish + Greek, ophthalmos = eyes (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Pallas.

Issue
Considered as a synonym of Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) by Bailly & Chanet (2010: Ref. 85869). Specific epithet spelled maeotica in Eschmeyer (Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Sep. 2011: Ref. 88002): Ref. 88002).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 10 - 150 m.   Temperate; 47°N - 41°N, 27°E - 42°E

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Europe: Black Sea.

ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. )

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

Bony tubercles generally developed on both sides which are always larger than eye (Ref. 4703).

ຊີວະສາດ     ຄຳແປສັບ (ຕ.ຢ. epibenthic)

Max. length (Trevor Meyer, pers. comm., 2001).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Evseenko, S.A., 1996. Ontogeny and relationships of the flatfishes of the Southern Ocean (Achiropsettidae, Pleuronectoidei). J. Ichthyol. 36(9):687-712. (Ref. 37783)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

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ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.352 - 11.388, mean 8.58 (based on 37 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5645   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00577 - 0.02877), b=3.02 (2.83 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179):  ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).