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Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840)

Kutum
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Rutilus frisii
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Turkey country information

Common names: Kutum, Levkit balığı
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the European Black Sea watersheds, Western Anatolian lake watersheds and Anatolian Black Sea watersheds (Ref. 58342). Recorded from the Northwestern Turkey (lakes at Istanbul, Iznik Gölü) and in the northeastern part, in Coruh and rivers west of it (Ref. 33550). Also reported from Sea of Marmara watersheds (Ref. 106151). Threatened by habitat loss, eutrophication/pollution, construction of weirs/dams in rivers and water abstraction. Listed on Appendix III of the Bern Convention (protected fauna) (Ref. 58342). Status of threat: Endangered (Ref. 58342). EurTurk.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bogutskaya, N.G., 1997
National Database: CLOMFOT

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Tên thường gặp | Các synonym ( Các tên trùng) | Catalog of Fishes(Giống, Các loài) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Rutilus: Latin, rutilus = reddish (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Sinh thái học

; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ Sống nổi và đáy; Mức độ sâu 50 - ? m.   Temperate; 56°N - 36°N, 22°E - 54°E

Sự phân bố Các nước | Các khu vực của FAO | Các hệ sinh thái | Những lần xuất hiện | Point map | Những chỉ dẫn | Faunafri

Eurasia: Black and Azov Sea basins, absent from Danube and Kuban drainages; landloacked populations in Don, resulting from dam construction; Caspian basin from Terek to Atrek drainages, very rarely in northern Caspian basin (Volga [earlier up to Perm], Ural); Lake Iznik in Sea of Marmara basin in Anatolia.

Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age

Maturity: Lm 46.5, range 43 - 50 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 556); common length : 60.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 6111); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 8.0 kg (Ref. 59043); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 12 các năm (Ref. 6111)

Short description Khóa để định loại | Hình thái học | Sinh trắc học

Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 11 - 12; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 12 - 14. Can be diagnosed from its congeners in Black and Caspian Sea basins by having the following characters: body almost cylindrical, depth 19-26% SL; 53-64 + 3 scales on lateral line; abdomen posterior to pelvic rounded; snout rounded, stout; mouth subterminal; dorsal fin with 9-10½ branched rays; iris and fins grey or slightly yellowish; breeding males with large, scattered tubercles on top and side of head (Ref. 59043).

Sinh học     Tự điển (thí dụ epibenthic)

A semi-anadromous species which occurs in large brackish estuaries and their large, freshened plume waters, coastal lakes connected to rivers and lowland stretches of large rivers. Can tolerate salinities up to 7-12 ppt. Landlocked populations live in lakes or reservoirs. Larvae and early juveniles take zooplankton, algae and insect larvae as food while adults feed on molluscs, Rhithropanopeus crabs and other benthic invertebrates. Feeding ceases while migrating, spawning and overwintering. Breeds in small rivers or streams with heavy current on gravel bottom. Begins migration to rivers in second half of October (Black Sea, rarely in Caspian Sea). When rivers are covered with ice, spawning migration stops and continues when ice breaks up or even under ice in February-April. Spawns in April-May. Adults migrate back to estuaries to forage immediately after spawning. Juveniles move to estuaries during first summer in August. Landlocked populations undertake migration in springs from lakes or reservoirs or middle stretches of rivers to tributaries or upper reaches (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng

Lays eggs which adhere to rocks and gravel, rarely on submerged plants. Eggs hatch in 10-16 days at 12-19°C (Ref. 59043).

Main reference Upload your references | Các tài liệu tham khảo | Người điều phối | Người cộng tác

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; Nuôi trồng thủy sản: Tính thương mại
FAO(Các nghề cá: Sản xuất; publication : search) | FishSource |

Thêm thông tin

Trophic ecology
Các loại thức ăn
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Các động vật ăn mồi
Ecology
Sinh thái học
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Sự tái sinh sản
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Ấu trùng
Sự biến động ấu trùng
Anatomy
Gill areas
Não bộ
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Dạng bơi
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Âm thanh của cá
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Di truyền
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Các tổng quan nuôi trồng thủy sản
Các giống
Ciguatera cases
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Các công cụ

Special reports

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Các nguồn internet

Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Giống, Các loài) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Các cơ sở dữ liệu quốc gia | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Cây Đời sống | Wikipedia(Go, tìm) |
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World Records Freshwater Fishing | Tạp chí Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5020   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00523 - 0.01324), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref. 120179):  thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (tmax=12; tm=3-5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.