Venezuela country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 4537.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ve.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail, 1996
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Gymnote rayé, Carapo, Cutlass fish, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gymnotiformes (Knifefishes) > Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes) > Gymnotinae
Etymology: Gymnotus: Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

; Água doce bentopelágico; pH range: 6.0 - 7.5; dH range: ? - 15; potamódromo (Ref. 51243). Subtropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672)

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Central and South America: southern Mexico to Paraguay, including Trinidad.

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m 19.4, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 79585); peso máx. publicado: 1.2 kg (Ref. 79585)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Aggressive (Ref. 27188). Inhabits turbid slow moving or standing waters (Ref. 11225). Found also in shallow edges of streams (Ref. 75964). Can survive when ditches, canals and small ponds dry out. (Ref. 11225). Feeds mainly at night on worms, insects (e.g. odonate larvae), shrimps, fish (preferably small characids, e.g. Ctenobrycon and Curimata) and plant matter (Ref. 7020; 10011). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Mouth brooding by males is observed in this species (Ref. 55570). Males provide parental care in nests excavated for eggs and larvae (Ref. 55570). Uses its long anal fin for locomotion. Can distinguish between a `friendly neighbor' and a potentially `threatening stranger' based on electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform alone (Ref. 10011). Relationship between EOD pattern and agonistic behavior in this species has been demonstrated (Refs. 10531, 10532, 10533). Shows auditory abilities, responding best to a frequency of 1000 Hz, with an upper limit above 5000 Hz (Ref. 10831). Also responds to vibratory stimuli (water waves: 125-250 Hz) with transient increase in EOD rate (Ref. 10834). 'Prefers' temperatures of 24-25°C (Ref. 10836).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Parental care is provided by the male. The male sits on a depression with its anal fin expanded horizontally guarding a cluster of larvae. More larvae are spread out in leaf litter up to 2 m away (Ref. 55570).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : Campos-da-Paz, Ricardo | Colaboradores

Campos-da-Paz, R., 2003. Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes). p. 483-486. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36692)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 July 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

Harmless

Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: sem interesse; Aquário: Espécies comerciais

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00292 - 0.00495), b=2.93 (2.85 - 3.01), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.56 se; based on food items.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=2).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).

Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1758