Main Ref. | Bigelow, H.B., M.G. Bradbury, J.R. Dymond, J.R. Greeley, S.F. Hildebrand, G.W. Mead, R.R. Miller, L.R. Rivas, W.L. Schroeder, R.D. Suttkus and V.D. Vladykov, 1963 |
---|---|
Remarks | Inhabit river mouths, lakes, estuaries, and bays; occasionally enters the open sea. Occur in the deeper channels of freshwater and brackish zones of rivers from spring until early fall. During this period of growth and feeding, these fish ingest insects and crustaceans (Ref. 38308). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988 |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Parasites of the species include Diclybothrium armatum, Spirochis sp., Fessesentis friedi, Argulus alosa, Capillospirura pseudoargumentosa and Echinorhynchus attenuatus (Ref. 5951). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.25 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |