| 主要参考文献 | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Prefers rocky bottom, particularly in kelp beds. Often feeds on hard-shelled organisms such as sea urchins, mollusks, lobsters and crabs. Spawning occurs during the summer and the eggs are pelagic (Refs. 9311, 132438). Lives to more than 50 years of age. Each individual functions first as a female but changes to a male at a length of about 30 cm. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| 基质 | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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| 基底 参考文献 | Calderon, B.E.F., J.L. Eagleton, C.M. Williams and J.T. Claisse, 2024 |
| 特殊生境 | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| 特殊生境 编号 | Calderon, B.E.F., J.L. Eagleton, C.M. Williams and J.T. Claisse, 2024 |
| 参考文献 | |
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| 协会 | |
| 相关联 | |
| 协会备注 | |
| 寄生虫 |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| 供料类型 参考号 | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| 喂食习惯 参考文献 | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | |||||
| 从个别的食物项目 | 3.56 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | |||||