Main Ref. | Quéro, J.-C., 1986 |
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Remarks | Gregarious. Occurs mainly at 100-400 m with occasional interruptions into shallow water (Ref. 4952). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Quéro, J.-C., 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Quéro, J.-C., 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.14 | 0.30 | 3.13 | 0.32 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1979 |