| 主要參考文獻。 | Bauchot, M.-L., 1987 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | A coastal species, which enters coastal lagoons, shallow bays and estuaries (Ref. 81259). Found over sandy and muddy bottoms, sometimes in estuaries and near rocky reefs. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes. Ovoviviparous, gestation period about 4 months and 4-7 young are produced. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| 基板 | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| 基板參考值 | |
| 特殊棲息地 | Coral Reefs; |
| 特殊棲息地 Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| 協會 | |
| 相關聯 | |
| 協會備註 | |
| 寄生 |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| 供料類型 Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1987 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| 餵飼習慣 Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1987 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 3.61 | 0.54 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 4.05 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Saglam, H., A.K. Orhan, S. Kutlu and I. & Aydin, 2010 | ||||