| 主要參考文獻。 | Skelton, P.H., 1993 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Hardy, prefers quiet, well-vegetated waters in lakes, swamps, and marshes or marginal areas of larger rivers and slow-flowing streams. Frequency of occurrence in Caprivi: occasionally on rocky streams, in standing deep water; common in shallow swamps and flood plains (Ref. 37065). Feeds on a wide variety of small organisms including insects, small snails and crustaceans, algae, diatoms, and detritus. Is preyed upon by the sharptooth catfish, tigerfish, largemouth breams (Serranochromis species) and birds. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| 基板 | |
|---|---|
| 基板參考值 | |
| 特殊棲息地 | |
| 特殊棲息地 Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| 協會 | |
| 相關聯 | |
| 協會備註 | |
| 寄生 |
| 攝取食物的類型 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| 供料類型 Ref. | Skelton, P.H., 1993 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | variable |
| 餵飼習慣 Ref. |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 2.78 | 0.23 | |||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 2.94 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Polling, L., H.J. Schoonbee and J.E. Saayman, 1992 | ||||