| Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabits shallow reefs and rocky shores, usually in weedy areas exposed to surge. Feeds on benthic crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes, forams, fishes, and fish eggs. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Myers, R.F., 1991 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Myers, R.F., 1991 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.66 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||