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Ecology of Limanda limanda
 
Main Ref. Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989
Remarks Also feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 12224).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Limanda limanda may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.00 0.01 Troph of juv./adults.
From individual food items 3.39 0.64 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Schückel, S., A.F. Sell, T.C. Kihara, A. Koeppen, I. Kröncke and H. Reiss, 2013
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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