| 主要參考文獻。 | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Adults found mainly around ledges over rocky bottoms or around reefs. Young sometimes inhabit mangrove areas. Feeds mainly on fishes, shrimps and crabs (Ref. 55). A wary fish, not easily approached underwater (Ref. 13442). Carnivore (Ref. 42771, 57616). Macro-carnivore (Ref. 126840). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
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| 基板 | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| 基板參考值 | |
| 特殊棲息地 | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
| 特殊棲息地 Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| 協會 | |
| 相關聯 | |
| 協會備註 | |
| 寄生 |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| 供料類型 Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| 餵飼習慣 Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 4.36 | 0.51 | 4.11 | 0.66 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.99 | 0.70 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 | ||||