Main Ref. | Merrick, J.R. and G.E. Schmida, 1984 |
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Remarks | Once widely distributed and abundant now restricted to temperate upper reaches of distribution range and in 1971 was considered a seriously threatened species. Siltation is the apparent cause of this decline. Juveniles are zooplanktivores, ingesting water fleas, rotifers and water mites with a sucking action. Peaceful community fish. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Merrick, J.R. and G.E. Schmida, 1984 |
Feeding habit | sucking food-containing material |
Feeding habit Ref. | Merrick, J.R. and G.E. Schmida, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.25 | 0.01 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |