Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Anmärkningar | Inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Juveniles and adults both feed on algae and detritus (Ref. 26987, 33). Herbivore (Ref. 40102). Mud-eaters that swim near the bottom when feeding, and scoop up and ingest portions of substrate containing their food (Ref. 40396). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
Ref. | Harrison, I.J., 1995 |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Adults form schools (Ref. 9321). |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Födosöksstrategi | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | 2.01 | 0.00 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
Från individuella födoämnen | 2.42 | 0.22 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |