Main Ref. | Caverivière, A. and G.A.R. Andriamirado, 1997 |
---|---|
Remarks | Omnivorous leaning towards carnivory, composed of crustaceans, cephalopods, small fish, amphioxus and worms. Hermaphroditic protogynous. Forms groups. Dwells in demersal hard or sandy substrates (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Caverivière, A. and G.A.R. Andriamirado, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.99 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |