| Ref. principal | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Lives mostly on sandy bottoms. Common beyond surf line, also in bays and estuaries. Occurs from near shore to 183 m depth. Feeds during the day on fishes and squids, often well off the bottom. Adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn (Ref. 9643). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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|
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Haaker, P.L., 1975 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Haaker, P.L., 1975 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | |||||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.50 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||